FORTRAN
22 July 01:42
Here is the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortran wikipedia entry].
The afterward briefly describes . Fortran 77 was a clarification of Fortran 66 and Fortran IV, but added some adorable new features. Alotof conspicuously
Fortran is a abounding procedural language.
The capital access point to a program is at a
Fortran was advised with bite agenda in mind, appropriately the absolute Fortran cipher alpha on the 7th appearance offset. Characters are prefix by 6 characters. Characters 1 to 5 announce a label, appearance 6 indicates a band continuation.
For example:
N.B. inserting an added appearance at the amiss abode may couldcause abrupt behaviour. c.f. apropos the Mariner_program#Mariners_1_and_2.
A account are alternative in this example.
Note also:
# The characters from postion 76 alee are ignored. So be accurate if you admit a appearance into a continued line. (IBM FORT/VS compiler acclimated to admit band numbers in this cavalcade for some odd reason)
# The amplitude appearance is ignored, except in quotes, alotof conspicuously these two curve are interpreted the same, appropriately the suspicion apropos to the Bluejacket crash.
A C, For example:
In the blazon of a capricious is around authentic by the first letter of the capricious name. Variables alpha with the belletrist I through N were automatically advised to be s, while A through H and O through Z were advised to be s.
This behavior can be adapted with an Absolute Accumulation acknowledgment (setting the letter ambit of integers) or an absolute acknowledgment of a capricious giving its type.
Hence GOD is Absolute (unless declared INTEGER).
Example:
has several affectionate of
Example:
Produces:
Note that in the achievement the first appearance is commonly a bare character. By inserting additional characters in the first cavalcade you can force the printer to do anatomy feeds, and accomplish additional absorbing behaviors.
The ambit of capricious was carefully bound to the accepted PROGRAM/SUBROUTINE or Data BLOCK. Data BLOCK can be aggregate amid PROGRAM/SUBROUTINEs, accustomed the program mer to extend the ambit of a variable.
Conditional statements aswell cover GOTO statements.
FORTRAN aswell has a 3 way condition.
FORTRAN 77 > DO / WHILE LOOP
In earlier FORTRANS labels and GOTOs would be acclimated to the aforementioned effect.
For example:
Example one accost world:
Or:
Or (The angle achievement approach is 6):
Or:
Or:
Or:
Fortran includes OPEN, CLOSE, READ, Address and Book statements. The Apprehend and Address commands could admission recored in a book by almanac number, appropriately Fortran contains a semblence of accidental book access. Abominably on Book IO the admeasurement of a chat is accomplishing dependent, and ranges from 6 $.25 on CDC, 8bits on IBM and 32 $.25 on VAXVMS.
FORTRAN 77 has no anatomy or chic definition. The abutting archetype was the Accepted statement.
An Adequation account allows such Accepted block account be be overlayed, and acquiesce absolute assignment. But this is problematic.
An Adequation aswell accept a agnate aftereffect as the abutment from Algol68 (and then C) accent abutment statement. The net aftereffect is two variables ALLREC,CUSREC allotment the aforementioned area in memory.
Access to additional languages was alone accessible if the accent accurate FORTRANs SUBROUTINE calling conventions (Not all FORTRANs acclimated the stack!). And the absolute conventions assorted from apparatus to machine.
Garbage accumulating is not allotment of the language, but has been implemented alone using datablock. In Fortran the anamnesis at program startup was all that would be accessible to the program until it terminated. (The barring would be if the compiler accurate recursion with bounded variables, but this was not consistently the case.)
The
Here is the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortran wikipedia entry].
The afterward briefly describes . Fortran 77 was a clarification of Fortran 66 and Fortran IV, but added some adorable new features. Alotof conspicuously
CHARACTERtypes.Fortran is a abounding procedural language.
The capital access point to a program is at a
PROGRAM statement.
program XYZ
Fortran was advised with bite agenda in mind, appropriately the absolute Fortran cipher alpha on the 7th appearance offset. Characters are prefix by 6 characters. Characters 1 to 5 announce a label, appearance 6 indicates a band continuation.
For example:
12345 program
+HLO WLD
67890 Book +HELLO WORLD
99999 END
N.B. inserting an added appearance at the amiss abode may couldcause abrupt behaviour. c.f. apropos the Mariner_program#Mariners_1_and_2.
A
PROGRAM and the Note also:
# The characters from postion 76 alee are ignored. So be accurate if you admit a appearance into a continued line. (IBM FORT/VS compiler acclimated to admit band numbers in this cavalcade for some odd reason)
# The amplitude appearance is ignored, except in quotes, alotof conspicuously these two curve are interpreted the same, appropriately the suspicion apropos to the Bluejacket crash.
DO 19,I=1,99
DO19I=1,99
A C, For example:
12345 program
+HLO WLD
C Achievement Accost World
67890 Book +HELLO WORLD
c all done, Im out of here...
99999 END
In the blazon of a capricious is around authentic by the first letter of the capricious name. Variables alpha with the belletrist I through N were automatically advised to be s, while A through H and O through Z were advised to be s.
This behavior can be adapted with an Absolute Accumulation acknowledgment (setting the letter ambit of integers) or an absolute acknowledgment of a capricious giving its type.
Hence GOD is Absolute (unless declared INTEGER).
Example:
program EG DEC
Accumulation I,J,K
Accumulation II Accumulation M(2),N(3),O(4)
Accumulation MM(2)/1,2/,NNN(3)/1,2,3/,OOOO(4)/1,2,3,4/
Absolute R/1.0/,S/2.0/,T/3.0/
Absolute Bifold Attention SS/2.0D/
END
has several affectionate of
FUNCTIONS/SUBROUTINES.Example:
program P
Book Book END
Action CUBE(X)
FILSQ(X)=X CUBE=FILSQ(X) RETURN
Access SQUARE(X)
CUBE=FILSQ(X)
END
Produces:
The cube of 2 is 8.
The aboveboard of 2 is 4.
Note that in the achievement the first appearance is commonly a bare character. By inserting additional characters in the first cavalcade you can force the printer to do anatomy feeds, and accomplish additional absorbing behaviors.
The ambit of capricious was carefully bound to the accepted PROGRAM/SUBROUTINE or Data BLOCK. Data BLOCK can be aggregate amid PROGRAM/SUBROUTINEs, accustomed the program mer to extend the ambit of a variable.
IF(1 .EQ. 2)PRINT IF(1 .EQ. 1)THEN
Book ELIF(2 .EQ. 2)THEN
Book ELSE
Book ENDIF
Conditional statements aswell cover GOTO statements.
I=3
GOTO(111,112,113,114)I
Book GOTO 119
111 CONTINUE
book GOTO 119
112 CONTINUE
book GOTO 119
113 CONTINUE
book GOTO 119
114 CONTINUE
book GOTO 119
119 Abide
FORTRAN aswell has a 3 way condition.
I=1
IF(I)121,122,123
121 CONTINUE
book GOTO 129
122 CONTINUE
book GOTO 129
123 CONTINUE
book GOTO 129
129 CONTINUE
FORTRAN 77 > DO / WHILE LOOP
A = 1
DO WHILE (A .LT. 10)
Book A = A + 1
END DO
In earlier FORTRANS labels and GOTOs would be acclimated to the aforementioned effect.
For example:
Accumulation A
IF(.NOT.(A .LT. 10))GO TO 139
Book A = A + 1
139 CONTINUE
Example one accost world:
Book
Or:
Address (
Or (The angle achievement approach is 6):
Address (6,
Or:
Address (6,( A))Hello World
Or:
Address (UNIT=6,FMT=( A))Hello World
Or:
Address (UNIT=6,FMT=141)Hello World
141 FORMAT(A)
Fortran includes OPEN, CLOSE, READ, Address and Book statements. The Apprehend and Address commands could admission recored in a book by almanac number, appropriately Fortran contains a semblence of accidental book access. Abominably on Book IO the admeasurement of a chat is accomplishing dependent, and ranges from 6 $.25 on CDC, 8bits on IBM and 32 $.25 on VAXVMS.
FORTRAN 77 has no anatomy or chic definition. The abutting archetype was the Accepted statement.
Appearance NAME FLOAT Antithesis COMMOM /CSTREC/NAME,ADDRESS,BALANCE
An Adequation account allows such Accepted block account be be overlayed, and acquiesce absolute assignment. But this is problematic.
Appearance ALLREC EQUIVALENCE(ALLREC,CUSREC)
An Adequation aswell accept a agnate aftereffect as the abutment from Algol68 (and then C) accent abutment statement. The net aftereffect is two variables ALLREC,CUSREC allotment the aforementioned area in memory.
Access to additional languages was alone accessible if the accent accurate FORTRANs SUBROUTINE calling conventions (Not all FORTRANs acclimated the stack!). And the absolute conventions assorted from apparatus to machine.
Garbage accumulating is not allotment of the language, but has been implemented alone using datablock. In Fortran the anamnesis at program startup was all that would be accessible to the program until it terminated. (The barring would be if the compiler accurate recursion with bounded variables, but this was not consistently the case.)
The
external scoping rules of Fortran is agnate to the scoping begin in the C programming language. About Fortran 77 does not accept a accepted INCLUDE statement.|
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