Latin First Coast (L2)

 11 July 15:25   =First Declension=

    The first coast is a accumulation of Latin nouns with the aforementioned endings. It is the alotof approved of the 5 declensions, in that the twelve endings (6 cases X 2 numbers) are consistently absolutely the same. All you charge to do is acquisition the stem. Alotof first coast nouns are feminine, admitting a few notable exceptions are masculine.

    Weve already apparent the first coast in the archive in the addition to nouns, but lets yield a afterpiece attending now.

    First, the singular:

    Now, the plural:

    You will accept to acquire these endings; you should do this now. Acquire all twelve endings even admitting this assignment will alone use four (nominative singular, nominative plural, accusative singular, accusative plural).

    How do we actuate what the axis (i.e., the allotment afore the catastrophe that charcoal the aforementioned in anniversary case) is and what the catastrophe is? Well, we go aback to the concordance access that we apprentice for anniversary word. First, we charge to analysis to see if we accept a first coast noun. If the nominative atypical ends in -a and the animal atypical ends in -ae, we accept a first coast noun.

    : mensa, mensae, f. Table.

    : puella, puellae, f. Girl.

    Note how both of those words accept the endings that we just said were marks of the first coast nouns. Alive that -ae is the catastrophe for the animal singular, all we charge to do is annul that catastrophe from the word. So, mensae loses the -ae and becomes mens-. That is what is accepted as the axis of the word. You can add the all-important catastrophe for whatever case and amount is bare to that stem. So, if you wish an ablative plural (case catastrophe -is), you would just add that catastrophe to mens- to get mensis.

    Often, dictionaries will abbreviate the access by just press the animal atypical catastrophe instead of the absolute animal singular. So, table and babe will arise as:

    : mensa, -ae, f. Table.

    : puella, -ae, f. Girl.

    If you see the -ae characters in an entry, it is bright that the chat is a first coast noun.

    =Nominative Case=

    The nominative, or name from the Latin nomen, case is about consistently acclimated for the accountable of a sentence. For instance, in the book Julia gives the accountable is Julia (what she gives and to whom shes giving it, we dont know). Shes the one accomplishing the action. So, if the book were in Latin, Julia would accept to be in the nominative case. Even in a added circuitous book such as Julia cautiously absitively that it would be a admirable abstraction to abort the table by again blame it, we can still acquisition the accountable adequately easily. Its still Julia accomplishing the action.

    Now, were not even traveling to try advice that additional book into Latin absolutely yet. But, we understand alotof of what we charge to understand to construe the first one. First, we charge to understand how to say Julia in Latin. Luckily for us, some womens names were advised as first coast nouns in Latin, so:

    : Julia, -ae, f. Julia.

    Julia has a axis of Juli- and in the nominative atypical (nominative because Julias the subject, atypical because theres alone one Julia) the catastrophe is -a. Therefore, we accept Julia.

    We havent abstruse any verbs yet and there is a lot to apprentice about verbs afore they can be acclimated well, but for our purpose appropriate now we will just say that dat agency gives. So, if we wish to say Julia gives, the book in Latin is:

    : Julia dat.

    Your first Latin sentence! Appealing simple, huh? Well, lets add on to it.

    =Accusative Case=

    The accusative case is generally the absolute item of a sentence. Yield this sentence: The boy reads a book. We understand from our altercation on the nominative case that the boy is the subject. Reads is our verb, so the boy is account something. The acknowledgment to the catechism What is the boy reading? is the absolute object. In this case, the boy is account a book. Book, then, is our absolute item and would be in the accusative case in Latin.

    So, traveling aback to our beforehand book with Julia, lets aces something for Julia to give. Maybe Julia has a lot of tables and wants to get rid of one. We still dont understand who is traveling to get this table, but we can say Julia gives a table. Anamnesis that table is:

    : mensa, -ae, f. Table.

    So, alive that the axis of the chat is mens- and the accusative individual catastrophe is -am, the table that Julia gives would be mensam. Because the commodity a from a table does not construe into Latin, we understand all three of the words we charge for our abbreviate book (dat, Julia, and mensam). But what adjustment do they go in? In all actuality, the words could go in any adjustment and you would be able to construe the sentence, because the case of anniversary of the nouns tells you what its acceptance is. So, even if we said, Mensam dat Julia., you would understand that the table cannot be the subject.

    In absolute Latin, the alotof accepted book anatomy is nominative-accusative-verb. Analyze this to English subject-verb-object. So, if we use the Latin chat order, we get:

    : Julia mensam dat.

    : Julia gives a table.

    Note that if we adjudge Julia has to get rid of added than one table, we could say:

    : Julia mensas dat.

    : Julia gives tables.

    The Accusative Case is:

    :Singular Plural

     f.-am -as

     m.-us -os

     n.-um -a

    If we capital to about-face the tables (excuse the pun) and say that the table gives Julia (completely nonsensical, I know, but grammatically correct), we would accept to put Julia in the accusative (Juli-am) and table in the nominative (mens-a). Then, we would get:

    Mensa Juliam dat. The table gives Julia.

    =Vocab=

    So far weve learned:

    : mensa, -ae, f. table

    : puella, -ae, f. girl

    : Julia, -ae, f. Julia

    Lets add a brace more. Create abiding you acquire the three aloft as able-bodied as these two following.

    : sapientia, -ae, f. wisdom

    : poeta, -ae, m. poet

    Wait a minute! Yield a attending at artist again. See something odd? Its not feminine! Artist is one of the few first coast nouns that are masculine. You dont absolutely charge to anguish about that too abundant absolutely yet, because it does not affect how the noun is used. Later, if we get into adjectives and additional things, you will charge to understand what anniversary nouns gender is. For now, use poeta like you would any of the others and just accumulate its adulthood in the aback of your mind.

    =Exercises=

    With those vocab words and advice dat as gives and amat as loves, construe the afterward sentences.

    # Poeta sapientiam dat.

    # Poeta puellas amat.

    # Julia poetas amat.

    # Sapientia mensas dat.

    # Puella Juliam amat.

    =Summary=

    Congratulations! You now understand four accepted nouns and one name! You understand the case endings for every individual first coast word, so that even if you appear beyond one that youve never apparent before, you will understand what case and amount it has. You understand how to use the nominative as the accountable of a sentence, and how to use the accusative as the absolute object.

    In additional words, youre accessible to alpha acquirements some verbs. The next chapter, an addition to verbs, will advise you the basics of Latin verbs.

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