Actuality and Bandage

 18 June 08:07   

    In English, the verb to be serves two purposes: It acts as the copula, and it acts as the verb for existence. However, in some languages, including Japanese, these two verbs are separate—so it helps to accept an compassionate of the aberration amid the two usages.

    A bandage can be anticipation of as an equals sign: it equates two things to anniversary other. In the book That is a dog, is is the copula. In the book The dog is inside, you dont beggarly that the dog and central are the aforementioned thing; you beggarly that the dog exists inside.

    These two usages accept altered verbs in Japanese, so itd be acceptable to get acclimated to it now. Actuality are some examples:

    Using to be as a copula:

    Using to be to beggarly existence:

    In Japanese, ?? (desu) is the copula. It is acclimated to agree two things. Lets attending into advice the sentence, That is a pen, into Japanese.

    Japanese uses subject-object-verb chat order. This agency that the bandage and all additional verbs appear endure in the sentence, afterwards the object. If we were to anatomy the English book in this way, itd go like this: That a pen is. This is a little cryptic after some break amid the accountable and the object. This brings us to particles.

    Particles are baby words which are artlessly acclimated to denote what role a chat plays in a sentence. There are absolutely a few particles, but able-bodied alone affair ourselves with one of them for now—the affair marker, ? (wa)

    Finally, in adjustment to complete the about-face to japanese, we just charge to construe the words themselves. Is, as I mentioned above, becomes ?? (desu). We can use ?? (sore) and ?? (pen) for that and pen, respectively. Now, our book is ???????? (sore wa pen desu.), which is a complete, barefaced Japanese sentence.

    

    The additional acceptance of the verb to be is for existence. This gets hardly added difficult, as there are two verbs for existence: ?? (iru) and ?? (aru). Dont worry, though, its appealing simple to differentiate amid the two. ?? (iru) is alone acclimated for breathing objects, admitting ?? (aru) is alone acclimated for azoic objects. For example, youd use ?? (iru) for yourself, addition person, or an animal, admitting youd use ?? (aru) for about annihilation else, such as a pen, some paper, or a book .

    In adjustment to say, I exist, or, I am, (a book which will appear in abundant added accessible later) youll chase a blueprint agnate to what you did for the bandage above. The verb consistently comes last, and the accountable is apparent with the affair marker, ? (wa). ??? (watashi) is the pronoun for I, so the sentence, I am, becomes ??????? (watashi wa iru.).

    You can use this exact anatomy to say the pen exists, but accumulate in apperception that the pen is inanimate, so you haveto use ?? (aru). The book becomes ?????? (pen wa aru.).

    (Dont overlook about the altercation page!)

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