# Abstruse algebra Basic domains

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10 June 15:51

Motivation: The abstraction of divisibility is axial to the abstraction of ring theory. Basic domains are a advantageous apparatus for belief the altitude beneath which concepts like divisibility and different factorization are well-behaved.

Definition An basic area is a capricious ring $R$ with $1_R$
eq 0_R such that for all $a, b in R$, the account $ab=0$ implies either $a = 0$ or $b = 0$.

An agnate analogue is as follows:

Definition Accustomed a ring $R$, a zero-divisor is an aspect $a in R$ such that $exists x in R, x$
eq 0 such that $a$

Definition An basic area is a capricious ring $R$ with $1_R$
eq 0_R and with no non-zero zero-divisors.

Remark An basic area has a advantageous abandoning property: Let $R$ be an basic area and

let $a, b, c in R$ with $a$
eq 0 . Then $a b = a c$ implies $b = c$. For this

reason an basic area is sometimes alleged a abandoning ring.

Examples:

#The set $mathbb$ of integers beneath accession and multiplication is an basic domain. However, it is not a acreage back the aspect $2 in$ has no multiplicative inverse.

#The set atomic ring is not an basic area back it does not amuse $0$
eq 1.

#The set $mathbb_6$ of accordance classes of the integers modulo 6 is not an basic area because $\left[2\right]$

Theorem: Any acreage $F$ is an basic domain.

Proof: Accept that $F$ is a acreage and let $a in F, a$
eq 0. If $ax = 0$ for some $x$ in $F$, then accumulate by $a^$ to see that $ax = 0 Rightarrow a^\left(ax\right) = a^0 Rightarrow 1x = 0 Rightarrow x = 0$. $F$ cannot, therefore, accommodate any aught divisors. Thus, $F$ is an basic domain.$square$

Definition If $R$ is a ring, then the set of polynomials in admiral of $x$ with coefficients from

$R$

is aswell a ring, alleged the polynomial ring of $R$ and accounting $R\left[x\right]$. Anniversary such polynomial is a bound sum of

terms, anniversary appellation getting of the anatomy $r x^n$ area $r in R$ and $x^n$ represents the

$n$-th ability of $x$. The arch appellation of a polynomial is authentic as that appellation of the polynomial which contains

the accomplished ability of $x$ in the polynomial.

Remark A polynomial equals $0$ if and alone if anniversary of its coefficients equals $0$.

Theorem: Let $R$ be an basic area and let $R\left[x\right]$ be the ring of polynomials in admiral of

$x$

whose coefficients are elements of $R$. Then $R\left[x\right]$ is an basic area if and alone if $R$ is.

Proof If capricious ring $R$ is not an basic domain, it contains two non-zero elements $a$ and

$b$ such that $a b = 0$. Then the polynomials $a x$ and $b x$ are non-zero

elements of $R\left[x\right]$ and $a x b x = a b x x = 0 x x = 0$. Appropriately if $R$ is not an integral

domain, neither is $R\left[x\right]$.

Now let $R$ be an basic area and let $A$ and $B$ be polynomials in $R\left[x\right]$.

If the polynomials are both non-zero, then anniversary one has a non-zero arch term, alarm them $a x^m$ and

$b x^n$. That these are the arch agreement of polynomials $A$ and $B$ agency that the leading

term of the artefact $A B$ of these polynomials is $a b x^$. Back $R$ is an basic domain

and $a, b in R$, $a b$
eq 0. This means, by the Acknowledgment above, that the artefact $A B$ is not

zero either. This agency that $R\left[x\right]$ is an basic domain.

 Tags: abstract, field, domain, domains  integral, domain, polynomials, polynomial, means, coefficients, leading, field, domains, definition, commutative, remark, ightarrow, , integral domain, non zero, commutative ring, integral domains, algebra integral domains, abstract algebra integral,

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