Story of Elven autograph systems Age of Starlight
05 July 13:54
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= Sarati =
Rumil of Tirion was a Noldorin academic and the artisan of Ainulindale. Afore that he was the artist of the first casual autograph arrangement in the Valian Year 1179. It has been appropriate that his arrangement was based on an even added ancient, accepted autograph arrangement of the Noldor, but this is hardly probable. The Sarati (“significant marks”), as he alleged his letters, were ideal for autograph both on rock and on paper, but we accept alone apparent what seems to be their “calligraphic” versions.
Several altered writing-directions were acclimated with the script. Rumilian texts were accounting in rows or in columns like Japanese, LTR like the western scripts, RTL like eastern scripts or boustrophedon (RTL–LTR–RTL etc.) like some age-old Greek inscriptions.
Rumil absitively that the vowels should be accounting with diacritics and not with absolute letters, since, according to the linguistic perceptions of the Valinorean loremasters, vowels were advised as “colours” of the consonants.
= Aboriginal Tengwar =
Feanaro Curufinwe (better accepted as Feanor) invented the tengwar (“signs apery aural phonemes”), acerb afflicted by the Sarati, in the Valian Year 1250. From that time on, the appellation Sarati, from the accepted notions of “letter”, alone refers to the Rumilian autograph system.
With the first afterimage one ability beam the access of the Sarati. Abnormally two of the sarati (namely P p and B b) assume abutting to the appearance of a tengwa, back their analysis is consisted of a “line” and “curves”. The alignment of the tengwar follows the above concept, area the anatomy of the letter reflexes its sound. Feanor absitively that the acceleration of a “curve” should add articulation to the “basic” sound, and about the way the “curves” are angled is agnate to the “p” and “b” sarati, so these two sarati haveto be his capital inspiration.
The greatest aberration amid the systems was that the tengwar were accounting from larboard to right. Feanor aswell bargain the amount of capricious elements, bearing a simpler and added constant set of characters. The two basal elements of the tengwar were a “stem” (telco) and a “bow” (luva), which could be accumulated and adapted in a amount of altered ways. Feanor absitively that the tengwar whose telcor and luvar were organized in a accurate way, represented a assertive accumulation of accompanying sounds: The telcor bent how the complete was articulated, and the luvar area in the aperture it was made.
Feanor captivated the abstraction of syllabic assay of the words by the Sarati, and create use of signs (tehtar) for vowels, placed over the above-mentioned tengwar/consonants (indicating their “colour”). A accordant followed by a beat was concidered as a “full letter” (navea or nava-tengwe). The sarat ‘ was alien from the antecedent system, and if a beat had no above-mentioned consonant, it was acclimated as a carrier for accessibility in writing. But Feanor acclimated this arrangement mainly for attitude and brevity. Clashing Rumil, he advised vowels as indepedent sounds and not just “colours” of the consonants, so he devised the “full writing” (Quanta Sarme).
Quanta Sarme had audible belletrist for vowels (omear or oma-tengwi), and was acclimated by the Loremasters for appropriate purposes only. No texts of this arrangement are accepted to us, and its acceptance and characters are unknown, but Tolkien says that it was acclimated in Middle-earth for additional languages, like Sindarin, area the tehta-mode was inconvenient. By this diction we can calmly accept that it was the antecedent of the Approach of Beleriand, and the letter ] is maybe the alone balance of that system.
We accept no clue on how the Vanyar and Teleri acclimated the accepted Tengwar, back their accent bedevilled sounds not begin in Noldorin, like indepedent d and b. The Vanyarin poem’s name, Aldudenie, is accepted from the Silmarillion, and the chat ulban, “blue”, is aswell acclimatized from Valarin by the Vanyar. They could apparently address these words by modifying this adjustable arrangement according to their accent (like the Noldor and the conflicting speakers did after in Middle-earth), but some sources accompaniment that the Vanyar kept the Sarati. Tokien addendum that the arrangement of Feanor provided the agency of expressions for added sounds than those occuring in Quenya and Telerin, but he doesn’t acknowledgment them or the reasons.
According to Addendum E (mixed with additional afresh appear sources) and our ability on Quenya phonology evolution, we can reconstruct a Tengwar table, hopefully abutting to the original:
Tengwar names: The names accustomed in Addendum E were based on the 3rd Age table composed in Gondor. It is not accepted if this adjustment was accustomed then or existed back Feanor’s days. It is possible, however, that some of the accepted names may accept replaced earlier, accepted forms. The best that can be done actuality is to accord the oldest accepted names (e.g., Charma instead of Aha). This is our evidence:
Anna originally represented 3, a complete from archaic g (cf.
Halla represented an ancient animation h, that survived from archaic H alone in Amanye languages, while Charma represented ch, that acquired from Archaic KH. The problem is that the h of the chat halla acquired from the closing sound: KHAL >
Ore: Ore is accustomed by Tolkien as /ɹ/: “weak (untrilled) r, originally occurring in Quenya” (Appendix E). This adduce suggests that Quenya originally assorted /ɹ/ and /r/, back there would be no charge for absolute belletrist if the two sounds were alone of anniversary other. In this case, however, the aboriginal administration of the belletrist Ore and Romen haveto accept been altered from the one we beam at the end of the Third Age, area both belletrist are in altogether commutual distribution, no adverse getting possible. If Ore is the aboriginal name of this letter, this could beggarly that it is one of the words with aboriginal /ɹ/.
The problem about the complete of /ɹ/ is that there is no additional affirmation afar from the mentioned quote.
Extended stems: As we are told in Addendum E, the aboriginal Feanorean alphabet independent a Brand of “extended” stems, both aloft and lowered. The acceptance of those tengwar (whose names, if they had, are of advance unknown) was to represent affricate sounds. As we know, no Amanya accent bedevilled affricate sounds, back the Archaic spirants th, ph, and kh had already became th, f and ch in Quenya. It is accessible that they were acclimated for recording Valarin or maybe ancient forms.
Tyelpetema: Addendum E informs us that Quenya aswell create use of a palatal series, the Tyelpetema. Christopher Tolkien, who create the names known, addendum that the names are accustomed in a amount of altered formulations, and he cannot actuate which were the accepted ones. The alone aberration from the Tincotema was the underposed (for tengwar with aloft stems) and overposed (for tengwar with bargain stems) dots. Those tengwar, not included in the table of the Addendum E, haveto accept been ommited from the accepted letters.
Aze: The /z/ complete after afflicted to /r/ alone in the Noldorin dialect, and this letter took the name Are.
Azya: This tengwa is accustomed as Arya, and is accurate either as a Romen or as an Ore with the overdots. Back the complete ry derives from aboriginal sy > zy (still present in Vanyarin), the anatomy of the letter should be Aze with the dots, afflicted afterwards z alloyed with r. But then this tengwa should be placed apartof the Added Tengwar, for it is not consisted of a telco and a luva.
Yanta: Yanta’s appearance reminds of the Rumilian letter for y. It ability accept represented this complete too (Yanta apparently accounting
Ure: Besides that in the accurate examples of 3rd Age, Ure appeas as the -u of the dipthongs (.D, .F au, eu etc.), its aboriginal use and etymological affiliation to the chat ure itself are unknown. Back it’s accurate in diphthongs in our samples like Yanta is, we can accept it was acclimated for intervocalic w, which after became v. Maybe taure was originally spelled
Thule: In Noldorin Quenya the complete th had alloyed with s back actual early. The chat thule appropriately became sule.
Noldo/Nwalme: Those sounds were begin alone initially. Sometimes accounting Ng/Ngw, but not to be abashed with Anga/Ungwe, which are acclimated alone medially.
Nuquerne Tengwar: The table of Addendum E gives us the astern forms of Silme and Aze, which were acclimated if followed by a beat (since they were too alpine to accept a tehta). It is not accepted if these forms were invented by Feanor or by after users, but Silme Nuquerna was acclimated in the Approach of Beleriand (as a articulate y), which makes us anticipate it was already present in Valinor. If we are to accept that the aboriginal anatomy of Arya was an Aze with dots, there haveto aswell accept been an astern anatomy of it (Arya Nuquerna).
Like the Sarati, the Amanya arrangement of the tengwar is aswell alien at this point. According to the theories mentioned above, they will be tentatively reconstructed, assuming some tengwar transcriptions of assorted Quenya words as arresting in Feanor’s time.
= An another approach =
In Addenda et corrigenda to the Etymologies, an old adaptation of the tengwar by Tolkien appears. Some tengwar accept altered names and values. It is not accepted if this approach coexisted with the one presented above, or if one acquired afterwards the other.
= Certhas =
During that time, the Sindar of Beleriand began developing an alphabet for their language. Its belletrist were absolutely create for abstraction on wood, rock or metal, appropriately their angular forms and beeline lines. These belletrist were called cirth (sing. certh).
The appointment of ethics was unsystematic. The anatomy of a certh was consisted of a axis and a branch. The annex was begin usually on the appropriate ancillary of the stem, and sometimes on the left, but with no phonetic significance.
The afterward cirth were accustomed by Tolkien as the alotof age-old of the after Angerthas. They had possibly altered ethics that time, and added cirth existed that didn’t create it in the after systems. This is accurate by the actuality that if we are to acquire the accepted ethics to them, we will beam that they don’t awning all the sounds of Sindarin, like w, rh, lh, mh, v, y, ? and even a!
Alternatively, however, we can accept that the “Old Sindarin” argot was current, and that some of the aloft mentioned sounds didn’t is yet, while the certh for u possibly was acclimated for w too (like in aboriginal latin orthography). The certh for a can’t be guessed, so maybe this complete was “meant” (like in some Quenya Tengwar Modes). Added possibly it was one of the two cirth whose amount can’t be determined, or it was one of some additional cirth that did not survive till the after Angerthas.
Long vowels were clearly adumbrated by acceleration (cf. the accepted certh for continued o, n, is a simplified anatomy of bb).
: Note: The appellation “Old Sindarin” is acclimated apparently to facilitate compassionate of Sindarin etymology, although we don’t understand if it infact existed, and when. The appellation “Old Sindarin” is not a appellation acclimated by Tolkien, but the term, as able-bodied as the language, are based on “Old Noldorin” as accepted by him.
5: The aboriginal amount of this certh wasn’t accustomed by Tolkien, but he mentions that in after Angerthas, it took the amount hw afterwards 6 became m (for causes explained below). This is aswell accurate because its appearance (compare @, u).
6: As mentioned, this certh will accept the amount m in after Angerthas, for causes explained below. Its above amount can’t be estimated (maybe the certh for a?), but anticipation from the “labial” shape, it could be w.
#/%: As Tolkien mentioned, the changeabout of the axis didn’t had any phonologic significance. These Cirth were changeable and acclimated for h or s depending on if g was s or h.
g: This Certh was h if #/% were s and carnality versa.
h: This Certh will accept the amount ss in after Angerthas. It haveto had addition alien amount afore (maybe the certh for a?).
As mentioned, it is apparent that this archaic Certhas existed during the time of “Old Sindarin”, and we can try to see how some words could be written. The spelling exemplified actuality assumes that like in Latin, a individual certh was acclimated for w and u, and analogously for k, t and p for kh, th and ph. Back we can’t assumption the anatomy of a, we will accede that it was infact meant.
In the Valian Year 1350, Dairon (better accepted as Daeron), the Accompanist and Loremaster of Doriath, reorganised the cirth and added new ones, authoritative the addendum of the cirth accepted as Angerthas Daeron (“Long Runerow of Daeron”), acclimated for block names in Menegroth. The Dwarves alive for Thingol admired them and adopted them, authoritative them accepted aswell in the East, above the Mountains.
Lenited consonants started to action in Sindarin maybe at that time, because Tolkien mentions that at that time (or maybe later) a complete of mh was needed. The alotof adapted band-aid was to backslide the certh for m to announce its softening, but 5 (we accept it was this certh) couldn’t be reverted, so m was accustomed to 6 (which until then had a amount alien to us), and 5 got the amount of hw. The aforementioned action took abode with r, l etc., and maybe at that time the audible cirth for semivowels and umlauts, like w, y and ?, were employed.
There are no Angerthas Daeron texts by Tolkien either, so we cannot understand how the argument forms can attending like. By some English specimina we see at atomic that words are afar by dots, phrases by colons and best periods by 3 or 4 dots. We don’t understand if Angerthas Daeron, like Tengwar, acclimated additional signs (tehtar) for combinations like nd, mb, dw, gw or diphthongs. It seems, however, absolutely straightforward, and for now we use them in abutting correspodence to the latin letters. The afterward examples attack to appearance words as would be in the Age of the Starlight (Daeron’s time), so the first and endure examples should be Gelydh and Elvellon in the 3rd Age.
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= Sarati =
Rumil of Tirion was a Noldorin academic and the artisan of Ainulindale. Afore that he was the artist of the first casual autograph arrangement in the Valian Year 1179. It has been appropriate that his arrangement was based on an even added ancient, accepted autograph arrangement of the Noldor, but this is hardly probable. The Sarati (“significant marks”), as he alleged his letters, were ideal for autograph both on rock and on paper, but we accept alone apparent what seems to be their “calligraphic” versions.
Several altered writing-directions were acclimated with the script. Rumilian texts were accounting in rows or in columns like Japanese, LTR like the western scripts, RTL like eastern scripts or boustrophedon (RTL–LTR–RTL etc.) like some age-old Greek inscriptions.
Rumil absitively that the vowels should be accounting with diacritics and not with absolute letters, since, according to the linguistic perceptions of the Valinorean loremasters, vowels were advised as “colours” of the consonants.
= Aboriginal Tengwar =
Feanaro Curufinwe (better accepted as Feanor) invented the tengwar (“signs apery aural phonemes”), acerb afflicted by the Sarati, in the Valian Year 1250. From that time on, the appellation Sarati, from the accepted notions of “letter”, alone refers to the Rumilian autograph system.
With the first afterimage one ability beam the access of the Sarati. Abnormally two of the sarati (namely P p and B b) assume abutting to the appearance of a tengwa, back their analysis is consisted of a “line” and “curves”. The alignment of the tengwar follows the above concept, area the anatomy of the letter reflexes its sound. Feanor absitively that the acceleration of a “curve” should add articulation to the “basic” sound, and about the way the “curves” are angled is agnate to the “p” and “b” sarati, so these two sarati haveto be his capital inspiration.
The greatest aberration amid the systems was that the tengwar were accounting from larboard to right. Feanor aswell bargain the amount of capricious elements, bearing a simpler and added constant set of characters. The two basal elements of the tengwar were a “stem” (telco) and a “bow” (luva), which could be accumulated and adapted in a amount of altered ways. Feanor absitively that the tengwar whose telcor and luvar were organized in a accurate way, represented a assertive accumulation of accompanying sounds: The telcor bent how the complete was articulated, and the luvar area in the aperture it was made.
Feanor captivated the abstraction of syllabic assay of the words by the Sarati, and create use of signs (tehtar) for vowels, placed over the above-mentioned tengwar/consonants (indicating their “colour”). A accordant followed by a beat was concidered as a “full letter” (navea or nava-tengwe). The sarat ‘ was alien from the antecedent system, and if a beat had no above-mentioned consonant, it was acclimated as a carrier for accessibility in writing. But Feanor acclimated this arrangement mainly for attitude and brevity. Clashing Rumil, he advised vowels as indepedent sounds and not just “colours” of the consonants, so he devised the “full writing” (Quanta Sarme).
Quanta Sarme had audible belletrist for vowels (omear or oma-tengwi), and was acclimated by the Loremasters for appropriate purposes only. No texts of this arrangement are accepted to us, and its acceptance and characters are unknown, but Tolkien says that it was acclimated in Middle-earth for additional languages, like Sindarin, area the tehta-mode was inconvenient. By this diction we can calmly accept that it was the antecedent of the Approach of Beleriand, and the letter ] is maybe the alone balance of that system.
We accept no clue on how the Vanyar and Teleri acclimated the accepted Tengwar, back their accent bedevilled sounds not begin in Noldorin, like indepedent d and b. The Vanyarin poem’s name, Aldudenie, is accepted from the Silmarillion, and the chat ulban, “blue”, is aswell acclimatized from Valarin by the Vanyar. They could apparently address these words by modifying this adjustable arrangement according to their accent (like the Noldor and the conflicting speakers did after in Middle-earth), but some sources accompaniment that the Vanyar kept the Sarati. Tokien addendum that the arrangement of Feanor provided the agency of expressions for added sounds than those occuring in Quenya and Telerin, but he doesn’t acknowledgment them or the reasons.
According to Addendum E (mixed with additional afresh appear sources) and our ability on Quenya phonology evolution, we can reconstruct a Tengwar table, hopefully abutting to the original:
Tengwar names: The names accustomed in Addendum E were based on the 3rd Age table composed in Gondor. It is not accepted if this adjustment was accustomed then or existed back Feanor’s days. It is possible, however, that some of the accepted names may accept replaced earlier, accepted forms. The best that can be done actuality is to accord the oldest accepted names (e.g., Charma instead of Aha). This is our evidence:
Anna originally represented 3, a complete from archaic g (cf.
Halla represented an ancient animation h, that survived from archaic H alone in Amanye languages, while Charma represented ch, that acquired from Archaic KH. The problem is that the h of the chat halla acquired from the closing sound: KHAL >
Ore: Ore is accustomed by Tolkien as /ɹ/: “weak (untrilled) r, originally occurring in Quenya” (Appendix E). This adduce suggests that Quenya originally assorted /ɹ/ and /r/, back there would be no charge for absolute belletrist if the two sounds were alone of anniversary other. In this case, however, the aboriginal administration of the belletrist Ore and Romen haveto accept been altered from the one we beam at the end of the Third Age, area both belletrist are in altogether commutual distribution, no adverse getting possible. If Ore is the aboriginal name of this letter, this could beggarly that it is one of the words with aboriginal /ɹ/.
The problem about the complete of /ɹ/ is that there is no additional affirmation afar from the mentioned quote.
Extended stems: As we are told in Addendum E, the aboriginal Feanorean alphabet independent a Brand of “extended” stems, both aloft and lowered. The acceptance of those tengwar (whose names, if they had, are of advance unknown) was to represent affricate sounds. As we know, no Amanya accent bedevilled affricate sounds, back the Archaic spirants th, ph, and kh had already became th, f and ch in Quenya. It is accessible that they were acclimated for recording Valarin or maybe ancient forms.
Tyelpetema: Addendum E informs us that Quenya aswell create use of a palatal series, the Tyelpetema. Christopher Tolkien, who create the names known, addendum that the names are accustomed in a amount of altered formulations, and he cannot actuate which were the accepted ones. The alone aberration from the Tincotema was the underposed (for tengwar with aloft stems) and overposed (for tengwar with bargain stems) dots. Those tengwar, not included in the table of the Addendum E, haveto accept been ommited from the accepted letters.
Aze: The /z/ complete after afflicted to /r/ alone in the Noldorin dialect, and this letter took the name Are.
Azya: This tengwa is accustomed as Arya, and is accurate either as a Romen or as an Ore with the overdots. Back the complete ry derives from aboriginal sy > zy (still present in Vanyarin), the anatomy of the letter should be Aze with the dots, afflicted afterwards z alloyed with r. But then this tengwa should be placed apartof the Added Tengwar, for it is not consisted of a telco and a luva.
Yanta: Yanta’s appearance reminds of the Rumilian letter for y. It ability accept represented this complete too (Yanta apparently accounting
Ure: Besides that in the accurate examples of 3rd Age, Ure appeas as the -u of the dipthongs (.D, .F au, eu etc.), its aboriginal use and etymological affiliation to the chat ure itself are unknown. Back it’s accurate in diphthongs in our samples like Yanta is, we can accept it was acclimated for intervocalic w, which after became v. Maybe taure was originally spelled
Thule: In Noldorin Quenya the complete th had alloyed with s back actual early. The chat thule appropriately became sule.
Noldo/Nwalme: Those sounds were begin alone initially. Sometimes accounting Ng/Ngw, but not to be abashed with Anga/Ungwe, which are acclimated alone medially.
Nuquerne Tengwar: The table of Addendum E gives us the astern forms of Silme and Aze, which were acclimated if followed by a beat (since they were too alpine to accept a tehta). It is not accepted if these forms were invented by Feanor or by after users, but Silme Nuquerna was acclimated in the Approach of Beleriand (as a articulate y), which makes us anticipate it was already present in Valinor. If we are to accept that the aboriginal anatomy of Arya was an Aze with dots, there haveto aswell accept been an astern anatomy of it (Arya Nuquerna).
Like the Sarati, the Amanya arrangement of the tengwar is aswell alien at this point. According to the theories mentioned above, they will be tentatively reconstructed, assuming some tengwar transcriptions of assorted Quenya words as arresting in Feanor’s time.
= An another approach =
In Addenda et corrigenda to the Etymologies, an old adaptation of the tengwar by Tolkien appears. Some tengwar accept altered names and values. It is not accepted if this approach coexisted with the one presented above, or if one acquired afterwards the other.
= Certhas =
During that time, the Sindar of Beleriand began developing an alphabet for their language. Its belletrist were absolutely create for abstraction on wood, rock or metal, appropriately their angular forms and beeline lines. These belletrist were called cirth (sing. certh).
The appointment of ethics was unsystematic. The anatomy of a certh was consisted of a axis and a branch. The annex was begin usually on the appropriate ancillary of the stem, and sometimes on the left, but with no phonetic significance.
The afterward cirth were accustomed by Tolkien as the alotof age-old of the after Angerthas. They had possibly altered ethics that time, and added cirth existed that didn’t create it in the after systems. This is accurate by the actuality that if we are to acquire the accepted ethics to them, we will beam that they don’t awning all the sounds of Sindarin, like w, rh, lh, mh, v, y, ? and even a!
Alternatively, however, we can accept that the “Old Sindarin” argot was current, and that some of the aloft mentioned sounds didn’t is yet, while the certh for u possibly was acclimated for w too (like in aboriginal latin orthography). The certh for a can’t be guessed, so maybe this complete was “meant” (like in some Quenya Tengwar Modes). Added possibly it was one of the two cirth whose amount can’t be determined, or it was one of some additional cirth that did not survive till the after Angerthas.
Long vowels were clearly adumbrated by acceleration (cf. the accepted certh for continued o, n, is a simplified anatomy of bb).
: Note: The appellation “Old Sindarin” is acclimated apparently to facilitate compassionate of Sindarin etymology, although we don’t understand if it infact existed, and when. The appellation “Old Sindarin” is not a appellation acclimated by Tolkien, but the term, as able-bodied as the language, are based on “Old Noldorin” as accepted by him.
5: The aboriginal amount of this certh wasn’t accustomed by Tolkien, but he mentions that in after Angerthas, it took the amount hw afterwards 6 became m (for causes explained below). This is aswell accurate because its appearance (compare @, u).
6: As mentioned, this certh will accept the amount m in after Angerthas, for causes explained below. Its above amount can’t be estimated (maybe the certh for a?), but anticipation from the “labial” shape, it could be w.
#/%: As Tolkien mentioned, the changeabout of the axis didn’t had any phonologic significance. These Cirth were changeable and acclimated for h or s depending on if g was s or h.
g: This Certh was h if #/% were s and carnality versa.
h: This Certh will accept the amount ss in after Angerthas. It haveto had addition alien amount afore (maybe the certh for a?).
As mentioned, it is apparent that this archaic Certhas existed during the time of “Old Sindarin”, and we can try to see how some words could be written. The spelling exemplified actuality assumes that like in Latin, a individual certh was acclimated for w and u, and analogously for k, t and p for kh, th and ph. Back we can’t assumption the anatomy of a, we will accede that it was infact meant.
In the Valian Year 1350, Dairon (better accepted as Daeron), the Accompanist and Loremaster of Doriath, reorganised the cirth and added new ones, authoritative the addendum of the cirth accepted as Angerthas Daeron (“Long Runerow of Daeron”), acclimated for block names in Menegroth. The Dwarves alive for Thingol admired them and adopted them, authoritative them accepted aswell in the East, above the Mountains.
Lenited consonants started to action in Sindarin maybe at that time, because Tolkien mentions that at that time (or maybe later) a complete of mh was needed. The alotof adapted band-aid was to backslide the certh for m to announce its softening, but 5 (we accept it was this certh) couldn’t be reverted, so m was accustomed to 6 (which until then had a amount alien to us), and 5 got the amount of hw. The aforementioned action took abode with r, l etc., and maybe at that time the audible cirth for semivowels and umlauts, like w, y and ?, were employed.
There are no Angerthas Daeron texts by Tolkien either, so we cannot understand how the argument forms can attending like. By some English specimina we see at atomic that words are afar by dots, phrases by colons and best periods by 3 or 4 dots. We don’t understand if Angerthas Daeron, like Tengwar, acclimated additional signs (tehtar) for combinations like nd, mb, dw, gw or diphthongs. It seems, however, absolutely straightforward, and for now we use them in abutting correspodence to the latin letters. The afterward examples attack to appearance words as would be in the Age of the Starlight (Daeron’s time), so the first and endure examples should be Gelydh and Elvellon in the 3rd Age.
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